About BeeMachine
BeeMachine was created by Brian Spiesman and developed in collaboration with Claudio Gratton and other members of Team BeeMachine. Web and mobile app development by Brian Spiesman and Germinate.
Support
BeeMachine was funded by USDA NIFA, the National Science Foundation, and Kansas State University. Computer vision models were developed with open data from the Global Biodiversity Infrastructure Facility (GBIF), our own imaging efforts, and data contributed by community science projects including the Wisconsin Bumble Bee Brigade, the Hanamaru Maruhana Project, and the Vi Un Abejorro project. We are grateful to the organizers and volunteer participants of these programs that share their images and taxonomic expertise. Images were also provided by David Cappaert and the Isaacs Lab at MSU, Jerry Cole, and from ongoing collaborations with the KU Biodiversity Institute and Natural History Museum and the USDA ARS Pollinating Insect-Biology, Management, and Systematics Research Unit.
Our Computer Vision Model
BeeMachine is able to identify bee species from around the world. But if it isn't sure about the species it will give a genus-level prediction. Because flowers are often visited by other kinds of insects that can sometimes be confused with bees, we now include the ability to differentiate bees from wasps, flies, beetles, and butterflies/moths. Overall test accuracy on the current algorithm is 94.1% (99.5% top-3) but this varies by species depending on the number of training images and their level of morphological variability (see figures below). BeeMachine uses a convolutional neural network, modified from EfficientNetV2, and was trained on over 2.2 million images.
Learned Features
Neural networks learn their own set of features in images to differentiate species. Each point in this visualization represents a test image. Images with similar learned features are close together, forming clusters that correspond well with species. Thus learned features parallel real life qualities that we use to differentiate species.
Model Precision
The number of training images per species is important! More images per species means we can cover a larger range of variability in lighting, pose, background context, and variability in appearance, which increases the likelihood of a correct prediction. In this figure each point represents a different species. We can use this information to target particular species for acquiring more images to improve the classification model.
BeeMachine can recognize 1,184 kinds of flower visiting insects. This includes 999 bee species, 154 bee genera, and other kinds of insects like wasps, flies, hoverflies, beetles, and butterflies/moths.
Acamptopoeum submetallicumAgapostemonAgapostemon angelicusAgapostemon coloradinusAgapostemon femoratusAgapostemon leunculusAgapostemon melliventrisAgapostemon nasutusAgapostemon obliquusAgapostemon peninsularisAgapostemon poeyiAgapostemon sericeusAgapostemon splendensAgapostemon texanusAgapostemon tyleriAgapostemon virescensAglaeAlloscirteticaAmegillaAmegilla aeruginosaAmegilla albicepsAmegilla albigenaAmegilla andrewsiAmegilla assertaAmegilla bombiformisAmegilla calceiferaAmegilla canifronsAmegilla chlorocyaneaAmegilla cingulataAmegilla dulciferaAmegilla garrulaAmegilla quadrifasciataAmegilla salviaeAmegilla urensAmmobatesAmmobatoidesAmphylaeusAmphylaeus morosusAmphylaeus obscuricepsAncylandrenaAndrenaAndrena agilissimaAndrena aliciaeAndrena alleghaniensisAndrena angustitarsataAndrena arabisAndrena argemonisAndrena asterisAndrena astragaliAndrena atlanticaAndrena auricomaAndrena barbaraAndrena barbilabrisAndrena bicolorAndrena bradleyiAndrena carantonicaAndrena carliniAndrena cerasifoliiAndrena chlorogasterAndrena chrysoscelesAndrena cinerariaAndrena clarkellaAndrena colletiformisAndrena concinnulaAndrena confederataAndrena crataegiAndrena denticulataAndrena distansAndrena dorsataAndrena dunningiAndrena erigeniaeAndrena erythrogasterAndrena erythroniiAndrena flavipesAndrena floreaAndrena forbesiiAndrena frigidaAndrena fulvaAndrena fulvagoAndrena fulvipennisAndrena fuscipesAndrena fuscosaAndrena gardineriAndrena gravidaAndrena haemorrhoaAndrena hattorfianaAndrena helianthiAndrena hirticinctaAndrena humilisAndrena integraAndrena isocomaeAndrena labialisAndrena labiataAndrena lagopusAndrena lathyriAndrena marginataAndrena milwaukeensisAndrena minutulaAndrena miserabilisAndrena nigricepsAndrena nigripesAndrena nigroaeneaAndrena nitidaAndrena nubeculaAndrena nudaAndrena oenotheraeAndrena palpalisAndrena parnassiaeAndrena perimelasAndrena pilipesAndrena piperiAndrena placataAndrena proximaAndrena pruniAndrena prunorumAndrena rosaeAndrena rudbeckiaeAndrena saliciflorisAndrena thoracicaAndrena tibialisAndrena transnigraAndrena trizonataAndrena vagaAndrena ventralisAndrena vicinaAndrena viridescensAndrena wilkellaAnthidiellumAnthidiellum notatumAnthidiellum perplexumAnthidiellum robertsoniAnthidiellum strigatumAnthidiumAnthidium chilenseAnthidium cingulatumAnthidium florentinumAnthidium illustreAnthidium lotiAnthidium maculifronsAnthidium maculosumAnthidium manicatumAnthidium oblongatumAnthidium palmarumAnthidium punctatumAnthidium septemspinosumAnthodioctesAnthomyiidaeAnthophoraAnthophora abruptaAnthophora aestivalisAnthophora alluaudiAnthophora atroalbaAnthophora bimaculataAnthophora bomboidesAnthophora californicaAnthophora crinipesAnthophora curtaAnthophora disparAnthophora edwardsiiAnthophora femorataAnthophora flavocinctaAnthophora fulvitarsisAnthophora fulvodimidiataAnthophora furcataAnthophora hispanicaAnthophora hololeucaAnthophora marginataAnthophora montanaAnthophora occidentalisAnthophora orotavaeAnthophora pacificaAnthophora pilifronsAnthophora plagiataAnthophora plumipesAnthophora pubescensAnthophora quadrimaculataAnthophora retusaAnthophora terminalisAnthophora urbanaAnthophora villosulaAnthophora walshiiAnthophorulaApis andreniformisApis ceranaApis dorsataApis floreaApis koschevnikoviApis laboriosaApis melliferaAraneaeArhysosageAshmeadiellaAshmeadiella occipitalisAtoposmiaAugochloraAugochlora puraAugochlorella aurataAugochlorella persimilisAugochlorella pomoniellaAugochloropsisAugochloropsis humeralisAugochloropsis metallicaAugochloropsis tupacamaruAugochloropsis viridulaBathanthidiumBiastesBombusBombus affinisBombus alpinusBombus appositusBombus ardensBombus argillaceusBombus armeniacusBombus ashtoniBombus asiaticusBombus atripesBombus auricomusBombus baeriBombus balteatusBombus barbutellusBombus beaticolaBombus bellicosusBombus bicoloratusBombus bifariusBombus bimaculatusBombus bohemicusBombus borealisBombus braccatusBombus brasiliensisBombus brevicepsBombus brevivillusBombus butteliBombus californicusBombus caliginosusBombus campestrisBombus centralisBombus cingulatusBombus citrinusBombus coccineusBombus confususBombus consobrinusBombus coreanusBombus crotchiiBombus cryptarumBombus cullumanusBombus dahlbomiiBombus deuteronymusBombus diligensBombus distinguendusBombus diversusBombus ephippiatusBombus eriophorusBombus excellensBombus eximiusBombus fervidusBombus festivusBombus flavescensBombus flavidusBombus flavifronsBombus formosellusBombus fragransBombus fraternusBombus frigidusBombus funebrisBombus ganjsuensisBombus gerstaeckeriBombus griseocollisBombus haematurusBombus haemorrhoidalisBombus handlirschiBombus hediniBombus honshuensisBombus hortorumBombus hortulanusBombus humilisBombus huntiiBombus hyperboreusBombus hypnorumBombus hypocritaBombus ignitusBombus impatiensBombus insularisBombus johanseniBombus jonellusBombus kirbiellusBombus koreanusBombus koropokkrusBombus laesusBombus lantschouensisBombus lapidariusBombus lapponicusBombus longipesBombus lucorumBombus magnusBombus mckayiBombus mediusBombus melaleucusBombus melanopygusBombus melanurusBombus mendaxBombus mesomelasBombus mexicanusBombus mixtusBombus modestusBombus monticolaBombus morioBombus morrisoniBombus mucidusBombus muscorumBombus natvigiBombus nevadensisBombus niveatusBombus norvegicusBombus occidentalisBombus opifexBombus opulentusBombus pascuorumBombus patagiatusBombus pauloensisBombus pensylvanicusBombus perplexusBombus persicusBombus picipesBombus polarisBombus pomorumBombus pratorumBombus pseudobaicalensisBombus pullatusBombus pyrenaeusBombus pyrosomaBombus pyrrhopygusBombus quadricolorBombus robustusBombus rubicundusBombus ruderariusBombus ruderatusBombus rufipesBombus rufocinctusBombus rufofasciatusBombus rupestrisBombus saltuariusBombus sandersoniBombus schrenckiBombus semenoviellusBombus sibiricusBombus sicheliiBombus sitkensisBombus sonaniBombus soroeensisBombus sporadicusBombus steindachneriBombus subterraneusBombus suckleyiBombus sylvarumBombus sylvestrisBombus sylvicolaBombus ternariusBombus terrestrisBombus terricolaBombus transversalisBombus trifasciatusBombus trinominatusBombus tucumanusBombus tunicatusBombus ussurensisBombus vagansBombus vancouverensisBombus vandykeiBombus vestalisBombus veteranusBombus volucelloidesBombus vosnesenskiiBombus weisiBombus wilmattaeBombus wurfleniiBombus xanthopusBombus zonatusBombyliidaeBrachymelecta californicaBrachymelecta haitensisBrachymelecta interruptaBrachymelecta larreaeBrachynomadaBraunsapisBraunsapis hewittiCadegualaCadeguala occidentalisCaenonomadaCalliopsisCalliopsis andreniformisCalliopsis anthidiaCalliopsis helianthiCalliopsis hesperiaCalliopsis hondurasicaCalliopsis laetaCalliopsis puellaeCalliopsis rhodophilaCalliopsis scutellarisCalliopsis subalpinaCalliopsis trifasciataCalliphoridaeCallohesmaCallomelittaCallomelitta pictaCamptopoeumCamptopoeum frieseiCaupolicanaCaupolicana hirsutaCentrisCentris analisCentris decolorataCentris erransCentris flavifronsCentris nitidaCentris pallidaCentris rhodopusCentris variaCephalotrigona zexmeniaeCeratinaCeratina acanthaCeratina arizonensisCeratina calcarataCeratina chalcitesCeratina cobaltinaCeratina collusorCeratina cucurbitinaCeratina dentipesCeratina duplaCeratina floridanaCeratina nigrolateralisCeratina smaragdulaCeratina strenuaCeratina unimaculataCeylalictusCeylalictus variegatusChalepogenusChelostomaChelostoma californicumChelostoma florisomneChelostoma philadelphiChelostoma rapunculiChilicolaChlerogellaChrysididaeClavipanurgusCoelioxysCoelioxys aferCoelioxys alatusCoelioxys aurolimbatusCoelioxys conoideusCoelioxys coturnixCoelioxys dolichosCoelioxys inermisCoelioxys mandibularisCoelioxys modestusCoelioxys octodentatusCoelioxys rufitarsisCoelioxys sayiCoelioxys slossoniCoelioxys texanaColeopteraColletesColletes aestivalisColletes clypeonitensColletes compactusColletes cuniculariusColletes cyanescensColletes daviesanusColletes dimidiatusColletes hederaeColletes hyalinusColletes hylaeiformisColletes inaequalisColletes latitarsisColletes louisaeColletes moriceiColletes nudusColletes ochraceusColletes salicicolaColletes seminitidusColletes simulansColletes sleviniColletes solidaginisColletes sphaeralceaeColletes succinctusColletes tectiventrisColletes thoracicusColletes wootoniConanthalictusConopidaeCorynuraCrabronidaeCrambidaeCtenoplectraDasyhesmaDasypodaDasypoda argentataDasypoda hirtipesDeltoptilaDiadasiaDiadasia australisDiadasia bituberculataDiadasia chilensisDiadasia diminutaDiadasia enavataDiadasia nigrifronsDiadasia ochraceaDiadasia rinconisDianthidiumDianthidium curvatumDianthidium floridienseDianthidium simileDianthidium subparvumDianthidium texanumDieunomia heteropodaDieunomia nevadensisDioxysDiphaglossa gayiDufoureaDufourea australisDufourea monardaeDufourea mulleriDufourea novaeangliaeElaphropodaEmpididaeEoanthidiumEpanthidiumEpeoloides coecutiensEpeolusEpeolus autumnalisEpeolus bifasciatusEpeolus compactusEpeolus crucigerEpeolus fallaxEpeolus lectoidesEpeolus minimusEpeolus olympiellusEpeolus pusillusEpeolus scutellarisEpeolus tarsalisEpeolus variegatusEpicharisEpimelissodesEpimelissodes atripesEpimelissodes duplocinctaEpimelissodes obliquaEpimelissodes petulcaErebidaeEricrocisEricrocis lataEuaspisEuaspis polynesiaEuceraEucera angustiorEucera fraterEucera gracilipesEucera longicornisEucera nigrescensEucera nigrilabrisEucera notataEufrieseaEufriesea caerulescensEuglossaEuglossa analisEuglossa crassipunctataEuglossa dilemmaEuglossa imperialisEuglossa intersectaEuglossa viridissimaEuhesmaEulaemaEulaema bombiformisEulaema cingulataEulaema polychromaEulonchopriaEuryglossaEuryglossa ephippiataEuryglossinaEuryglossina hypochromaExaereteExaerete smaragdinaExomalopsisExomalopsis mellipesExoneuraExoneurellaFlorilegus condignusFormicidaeFrieseomelittaFrieseomelitta nigraGaesischiaGeniotrigona thoracicaGeometridaeGronocerasGronoceras cinctumHabropodaHabropoda cinerariaHabropoda depressaHabropoda laboriosaHabropoda miserabilisHabropoda tarsataHabropoda tristissimaHalictusHalictus aerariusHalictus concinnusHalictus confususHalictus farinosusHalictus gemmeusHalictus ligatusHalictus maculatusHalictus parallelusHalictus poeyiHalictus pollinosusHalictus quadricinctusHalictus rubicundusHalictus scabiosaeHalictus sexcinctusHalictus subauratusHalictus tripartitusHemipteraHemirhizaHeriadesHeriades crenulataHeriades leavittiHeriades truncorumHesperapisHesperapis orariaHesperapis regularisHesperiidaeHeterotrigona itamaHolcopasitesHolcopasites calliopsidisHomotrigonaHomotrigona apicalisHoplitisHoplitis aduncaHoplitis albifronsHoplitis beijingensisHoplitis biscutellaeHoplitis fulgidaHoplitis grinnelliHoplitis mitisHoplitis papaverisHoplitis productaHoplitis spoliataHoplitis tridentataHylaeusHylaeus albonitensHylaeus alcyoneusHylaeus basalisHylaeus communisHylaeus confluensHylaeus cornutusHylaeus dilatatusHylaeus elegansHylaeus euxanthusHylaeus honestusHylaeus hyalinatusHylaeus leptocephalusHylaeus littleriHylaeus modestusHylaeus nigritusHylaeus nubilosusHylaeus ornatusHylaeus pictipesHylaeus pictusHylaeus primulipictusHylaeus proximusHylaeus punctulatissimusHylaeus quadricepsHylaeus rotundicepsHylaeus ruficepsHylaeus schwarziiHylaeus signatusHylaeus sulphuripesHylaeus variegatusHyleoidesHyleoides concinnaHypanthidioidesHyphesmaIcteranthidiumIcteranthidium ferrugineumIcteranthidium grohmanniIcteranthidium lateraleIsepeolusLasioglossumLasioglossum admirandumLasioglossum albescensLasioglossum albipenneLasioglossum anomalumLasioglossum bicingulatumLasioglossum brevicorneLasioglossum bruneriLasioglossum calceatumLasioglossum callidumLasioglossum callomelittinumLasioglossum chalcodesLasioglossum cinctipesLasioglossum coeruleumLasioglossum coriaceumLasioglossum cressoniiLasioglossum delienseLasioglossum disparileLasioglossum dotatumLasioglossum fuscipenneLasioglossum hitchensiLasioglossum imitatumLasioglossum interruptumLasioglossum lanariumLasioglossum leucozoniumLasioglossum loetumLasioglossum marginatumLasioglossum morioLasioglossum oceanicumLasioglossum ovalicepsLasioglossum paradmirandumLasioglossum pavonotumLasioglossum pectinatumLasioglossum pectoraleLasioglossum peraustraleLasioglossum petrellumLasioglossum pilosumLasioglossum pruinosumLasioglossum quadrinotatulumLasioglossum quebecenseLasioglossum reticulatumLasioglossum semicaeruleumLasioglossum sexnotatumLasioglossum sexstrigatumLasioglossum sisymbriiLasioglossum sordidumLasioglossum tegulareLasioglossum titusiLasioglossum trigeminumLasioglossum urbanumLasioglossum versatumLasioglossum viereckiLasioglossum virideLasioglossum zonulumLeiopodusLeioproctusLeioproctus amabilisLeioproctus fulvescensLeioproctus irroratusLeioproctus launcestonensisLeioproctus plumosusLepidotrigona flavibasisLepidotrigona terminataLipotrichesLipotriches australicaLipotriches ceratinaLipotriches ferricaudaLipotriches flavoviridisLipotriches muscosaLipotriches phaneruraLithurgopsisLithurgopsis apicalisLithurgopsis gibbosaLithurgusLithurgus chrysurusLithurgus cornutusLithurgus scabrosusLycaenidaeMacropisMacropis europaeaMacropis fulvipesMacroteraMacrotera latiorManueliaManuelia gayiMegachileMegachile addendaMegachile albisectaMegachile albitarsisMegachile amparoMegachile angelarumMegachile apicalisMegachile aurifronsMegachile axyxMegachile brevisMegachile campanulaeMegachile canariensisMegachile canescensMegachile centuncularisMegachile chrysopygaMegachile conjunctaMegachile deaniiMegachile disjunctaMegachile disjunctiformisMegachile ericetorumMegachile erythropygaMegachile exilisMegachile facetaMegachile feroxMegachile fidelisMegachile fortisMegachile frontalisMegachile gentilisMegachile indonesicaMegachile inermisMegachile inimicaMegachile lagopodaMegachile lanataMegachile laticepsMegachile latimanusMegachile leachellaMegachile lucidiventrisMegachile maculariformisMegachile macularisMegachile maritimaMegachile maxillosaMegachile melanophaeaMegachile melanopygaMegachile mendicaMegachile mucidaMegachile mystaceanaMegachile newberryaeMegachile nigriventrisMegachile nigrovittataMegachile octosignataMegachile otomitaMegachile parallelaMegachile parietinaMegachile perihirtaMegachile petulansMegachile policarisMegachile pollinosaMegachile prosopidisMegachile pruinaMegachile pugnataMegachile punctataMegachile pusillaMegachile pyrenaicaMegachile relativaMegachile rotundataMegachile sculpturalisMegachile semirufaMegachile siculaMegachile sidalceaeMegachile spinotulataMegachile texanaMegachile umbripennisMegachile ustulataMegachile willughbiellaMegachile xylocopoidesMegachile zapotecaMegachile zaptlanaMegaloptilla callopisMegandrena enceliaeMelectaMelecta albifronsMelecta curvispinaMelecta luctuosaMelecta separataMeliponaMelipona beecheiiMelipona fasciataMelipona quadrifasciataMelipona quinquefasciataMeliponulaMelissodesMelissodes agilisMelissodes bimaculatusMelissodes bimatrisMelissodes comptoidesMelissodes coreopsisMelissodes denticulatusMelissodes dentiventrisMelissodes desponsusMelissodes druriellusMelissodes illatusMelissodes lupinusMelissodes microstictusMelissodes montanusMelissodes neveusMelissodes paroselaeMelissodes subillatusMelissodes tepanecaMelissodes trinodisMelissodes tristisMelissoptilaMelitomaMelitoma taureaMelittaMelitta haemorrhoidalisMelitta leporinaMelitta nigricansMelitturgaMellitidia tomentiferaMeroglossaMeroglossa itamucaMeroglossa sulcifronsMesocheira bicolorMesoxaeaMicralictoides ruficaudusMuscidaeNannotrigona perilampoidesNannotrigona testaceicornisNoctuidaeNomadaNomada agrestisNomada armataNomada articulataNomada bifasciataNomada fabricianaNomada ferruginataNomada fervidaNomada flavaNomada flavoguttataNomada flavopictaNomada fucataNomada fulvicornisNomada fuscicornisNomada goodenianaNomada lathburianaNomada leucophthalmaNomada luteoloidesNomada marshamellaNomada obscuraNomada placidaNomada rufipesNomada sexfasciataNomada sheppardanaNomada signataNomada suavisNomada succinctaNomada texanaNomada vicinaNomada zonataNomiaNomia chalybeataNomia crassipesNomia fuscipennisNomia incertaNomia iridescensNomia melanderiNomia nortoniNomia penangensisNomia strigataNomia thoracicaNomia westwoodiNomioidesNomioides deceptorNomioides fortunatusNomioides minutissimusNotanthidium steloidesNymphalidaeOdyneropsisOrthopteraOsmiaOsmia andrenoidesOsmia aurulentaOsmia aztecaOsmia bicolorOsmia bicornisOsmia bucephalaOsmia caerulescensOsmia chalybeaOsmia clarescensOsmia coloradensisOsmia cornifronsOsmia cornutaOsmia ferrugineaOsmia georgicaOsmia latreilleiOsmia leaianaOsmia lignariaOsmia montanaOsmia pumilaOsmia ribiflorisOsmia rostrataOsmia rufohirtaOsmia spinulosaOsmia taurusOxaea flavescensOxytrigonaOxytrigona tatairaPachyprosopisPalaeorhizaPalaeorhiza disruptaPalaeorhiza parallelaPalaeorhiza turnerianaPanurginusPanurginus polytrichusPanurgusPanurgus banksianusPanurgus calcaratusParacolletesParagapostemon coelestinusParanthidium gabbiiParanthidium jugatoriumParatetrapediaParatrigonaParatrigona subnudaPartamonaPartamona musarumPasites maculatusPatellapisPatellapis stirlingiPerditaPerdita albipennisPerdita bishoppiPerdita boltoniaePerdita bradleyiPerdita californicaPerdita consobrinaPerdita floridensisPerdita halictoidesPerdita heliotropiiPerdita hirticepsPerdita interruptaPerdita octomaculataPerdita pallidipennisPerdita perpallidaPerdita rhoisPerdita swenkiPieridaePlebeiaPlebeia emerinaPlebeia frontalisPompilidaeProtandrenaProtandrena abdominalisProtandrena bancroftiProtandrena rugosaProtosmiaProtoxaea gloriosaPseudagapostemonPseudapisPseudapis diversipesPseudapis oxybeloidesPseudapis siamensisPseudaugochlora gramineaPseudoanthidiumPseudoanthidium nanumPseudoanthidium repetitumPseudoanthidium truncatumPseudopanurgusPseudopanurgus albitarsisPseudopanurgus andrenoidesPtiloglossaPtilothrixPtilothrix bombiformisRhathymusRhodanthidiumRhodanthidium infuscatumRhodanthidium septemdentatumRhodanthidium sticticumRophitesRuizantheda mutabilisRuizantheda proximaScaptotrigonaScaptotrigona pectoralisScaptotrigona posticaScrapterSphecidaeSphecodesSphecodes albilabrisSphecodes davisiiSphecodes heracleiSphingidaeStelisStelis breviusculaStelis costalisStelis laticinctaStelis louisaeStelis perpulchraStelis punctulatissimaStelis signataStenotritidaeStratiomyidaeSyntrichaloniaSyntrichalonia exquisitaSyrphidaeSystropha curvicornisSystropha planidensTachinidaeTetragona clavipesTetragona ziegleriTetragoniscaTetragonisca angustulaTetragonulaTetragonula carbonariaTetragonula collinaTetralonia malvaeTetraloniellaTetraloniella cressonianaTetraloniella dentataTetraloniella hohmanniTetraloniella pomonaeTetraloniella salicariaeThalestria spinosaThygaterThygater aethiopsThyreusThyreus caeruleopunctatusThyreus decorusThyreus himalayensisThyreus histrionicusThyreus lilacinusThyreus lugubrisThyreus nitidulusThyreus novaehollandiaeThyreus orbatusThyreus waroonensisTiphiidaeTipulidaeTortricidaeTrachusaTrachusa byssinaTrachusa integraTrachusa interruptaTrichocolletesTrichocolletes venustusTriepeolusTriepeolus concavusTriepeolus lunatusTriepeolus matildaeTriepeolus paenepectoralisTriepeolus remigatusTriepeolus rufithoraxTriepeolus subnitensTriepeolus verbesinaeTrigonaTrigona chanchamayoensisTrigona ferricaudaTrigona fulviventrisTrigona hyalinataTrigona nigerrimaTrigona pallensTrigona spinipesTrigona willianaVespidaeXanthesmaXenoglossaXenoglossa angustiorXenoglossa pruinosaXenoglossa strenuaXylocopaXylocopa abbottiXylocopa aeratusXylocopa aestuansXylocopa amethystinaXylocopa appendiculataXylocopa augustiXylocopa auripennisXylocopa aurulentaXylocopa bombylansXylocopa caeruleaXylocopa caffraXylocopa californicaXylocopa cantabritaXylocopa dejeaniiXylocopa fenestrataXylocopa flavicollisXylocopa flavorufaXylocopa fuliginataXylocopa grisescensXylocopa inconstansXylocopa latipesXylocopa macropsXylocopa micansXylocopa minorXylocopa mordaxXylocopa muscariaXylocopa nasalisXylocopa nigritaXylocopa phalothoraxXylocopa pubescensXylocopa rufaXylocopa ruficepsXylocopa ruficornisXylocopa rufipesXylocopa similisXylocopa sinensisXylocopa sonorinaXylocopa splendidulaXylocopa strandiXylocopa subcyaneaXylocopa tabaniformisXylocopa tenuiscapaXylocopa tranquebarorumXylocopa violaceaXylocopa virginicaZacosmia maculatus